The consonant "ㅎ" is romanised as "h". The "h" sound in English and Mandarin is quite strong and distinctive. However, in Korean, it is supposed to be pronounced weakly. When speaking Korean, it is alright if "ㅎ" sound is inaudible but it sounds unnatural if "ㅎ" sound is loud and distinct. As a English speaker, I have this tendency of emphasising the "ㅎ" sound and this habit contradicts how a Korean would pronounce "ㅎ". My teacher said that Koreans find it difficult to pronounce "ㅎ" and hence "dislike" pronouncing it. This "dislike" is quite apparent in the pronunciation rules which they set. In the two cases to be discussed below, the "ㅎ" sound is either "merged" with other consonants or totally "omitted".
격음화, 激音化
Rule: When "ㅎ" meets with "ㄱ", "ㄷ", "ㅂ", "ㅈ", it will "change" into aspirated consonant "ㅋ", "ㅌ", "ㅍ", "ㅊ" respectively. This process of "change" is called 격음화. The "change" only occurs in pronunciation and not in the written word.
1. ㅎ + ㄱ, ㄱ + ㅎ → ㅋ
Example: 많고 [만코], 밝히다 [발키다]
2. ㅎ + ㄷ, ㄷ + ㅎ → ㅌ
Example: 많다 [만타], 닫히다 [다치다]*
* According to this rule, 닫히다 is supposed to be pronounced as [다티다]. However, palatalisation rule (구개음화, 口蓋音化) also states that when consonant "ㅌ" meets with vowel "이", "ㅌ" will have to be palatalised to "ㅊ". Hence the right pronunciation is [다치다].
3. ㅎ + ㅂ, ㅂ + ㅎ → ㅍ
Example: 좁히다 [조피다]
4. ㅎ + ㅈ, ㅈ + ㅎ → ㅊ
Example: 많지 [만치], 앉히다 [안치다]
ㅎ탈락, ㅎ脫落
Rule: When batchim "ㅎ" appears in between "ㄴ", "ㄹ", vowel and vowel, it is "omitted". "ㅎ" is "omitted" in pronunciation only and not in the written word.
1. Batchim "ㅎ" in between "ㄴ" and vowel.
Example: 많아요 [마나요]. In this example, batchim "ㅎ" is in between batchim "ㄴ" and the vowel "아". Hence, it is "omitted".
2. Batchim "ㅎ" in between "ㄹ" and vowel.
Example: 잃어요 [이러요]. In this example, batchim "ㅎ" is in between batchim "ㄹ" and the vowel "어". Hence, it is "omitted".
3. Batchim "ㅎ" in between 2 vowels.
Example: 좋아요 [조아요]. In this example, batchim "ㅎ" is in between vowel "오" and "아". Hence, it is "omitted".
The above two rules explain for the "mysterious" disappearance of "ㅎ" sound which puzzled me for a long time. I guess the best way to deal with things that you don't like is to make them disappear. ㅋㅋㅋ
격음화, 激音化
Rule: When "ㅎ" meets with "ㄱ", "ㄷ", "ㅂ", "ㅈ", it will "change" into aspirated consonant "ㅋ", "ㅌ", "ㅍ", "ㅊ" respectively. This process of "change" is called 격음화. The "change" only occurs in pronunciation and not in the written word.
1. ㅎ + ㄱ, ㄱ + ㅎ → ㅋ
Example: 많고 [만코], 밝히다 [발키다]
2. ㅎ + ㄷ, ㄷ + ㅎ → ㅌ
Example: 많다 [만타], 닫히다 [다치다]*
* According to this rule, 닫히다 is supposed to be pronounced as [다티다]. However, palatalisation rule (구개음화, 口蓋音化) also states that when consonant "ㅌ" meets with vowel "이", "ㅌ" will have to be palatalised to "ㅊ". Hence the right pronunciation is [다치다].
3. ㅎ + ㅂ, ㅂ + ㅎ → ㅍ
Example: 좁히다 [조피다]
4. ㅎ + ㅈ, ㅈ + ㅎ → ㅊ
Example: 많지 [만치], 앉히다 [안치다]
ㅎ탈락, ㅎ脫落
Rule: When batchim "ㅎ" appears in between "ㄴ", "ㄹ", vowel and vowel, it is "omitted". "ㅎ" is "omitted" in pronunciation only and not in the written word.
1. Batchim "ㅎ" in between "ㄴ" and vowel.
Example: 많아요 [마나요]. In this example, batchim "ㅎ" is in between batchim "ㄴ" and the vowel "아". Hence, it is "omitted".
2. Batchim "ㅎ" in between "ㄹ" and vowel.
Example: 잃어요 [이러요]. In this example, batchim "ㅎ" is in between batchim "ㄹ" and the vowel "어". Hence, it is "omitted".
3. Batchim "ㅎ" in between 2 vowels.
Example: 좋아요 [조아요]. In this example, batchim "ㅎ" is in between vowel "오" and "아". Hence, it is "omitted".
The above two rules explain for the "mysterious" disappearance of "ㅎ" sound which puzzled me for a long time. I guess the best way to deal with things that you don't like is to make them disappear. ㅋㅋㅋ
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